Abstract
Chronic alveolar hypoxia is the major cause of pulmonary hypertension. The cellular mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling are still poorly understood. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a key enzyme in the signaling pathway leading to cellular growth and proliferation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the roles that MAPKs, specifically Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 kinase, play in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling. Rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 1, 3, 7, or 14 d. Hypoxia caused significant remodeling in the pulmonary artery characterized by thickening of pulmonary arterial wall and increases in tissue mass and total RNA. JNK, ERK, and p38 kinase tyrosine phosphorylations and their activities were significantly increased by hypoxia. JNK activation peaked at Day 1 and ERK/p38 kinase activation peaked after 7 d of hypoxia. The results from immunohistochemistry show that hypoxia increased phospho-MAPK staining in both large and small intrapulmonary arteries. Hypoxia also upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA (mRNA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA levels in pulmonary artery with a time course correlated to the activation of ERK and p38 kinase. The gene expressions of c-jun, c-fos, and egr-1, known as downstream effectors of MAPK, were also investigated. Hypoxia upregulated egr-1 mRNA but downregulated c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. These data suggest that hypoxia-induced activation of JNK is an early response to hypoxic stress and that activation of ERK and p38 kinase appears to be associated with hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 593-601 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| State | Published - 2000 |
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ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
- Molecular Biology
Cite this
Hypoxia activates Jun-N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and p38 kinase in pulmonary arteries. / Jin, N.; Hatton, N.; Swartz, D. R.; Xia, X. L.; Harrington, Maureen; Larsen, S. H.; Rhoades, R. A.
In: American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Vol. 23, No. 5, 2000, p. 593-601.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Hypoxia activates Jun-N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, and p38 kinase in pulmonary arteries
AU - Jin, N.
AU - Hatton, N.
AU - Swartz, D. R.
AU - Xia, X. L.
AU - Harrington, Maureen
AU - Larsen, S. H.
AU - Rhoades, R. A.
PY - 2000
Y1 - 2000
N2 - Chronic alveolar hypoxia is the major cause of pulmonary hypertension. The cellular mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling are still poorly understood. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a key enzyme in the signaling pathway leading to cellular growth and proliferation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the roles that MAPKs, specifically Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 kinase, play in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling. Rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 1, 3, 7, or 14 d. Hypoxia caused significant remodeling in the pulmonary artery characterized by thickening of pulmonary arterial wall and increases in tissue mass and total RNA. JNK, ERK, and p38 kinase tyrosine phosphorylations and their activities were significantly increased by hypoxia. JNK activation peaked at Day 1 and ERK/p38 kinase activation peaked after 7 d of hypoxia. The results from immunohistochemistry show that hypoxia increased phospho-MAPK staining in both large and small intrapulmonary arteries. Hypoxia also upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA (mRNA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA levels in pulmonary artery with a time course correlated to the activation of ERK and p38 kinase. The gene expressions of c-jun, c-fos, and egr-1, known as downstream effectors of MAPK, were also investigated. Hypoxia upregulated egr-1 mRNA but downregulated c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. These data suggest that hypoxia-induced activation of JNK is an early response to hypoxic stress and that activation of ERK and p38 kinase appears to be associated with hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling.
AB - Chronic alveolar hypoxia is the major cause of pulmonary hypertension. The cellular mechanisms involved in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling are still poorly understood. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a key enzyme in the signaling pathway leading to cellular growth and proliferation. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the roles that MAPKs, specifically Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 kinase, play in the hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling. Rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% O2) for 1, 3, 7, or 14 d. Hypoxia caused significant remodeling in the pulmonary artery characterized by thickening of pulmonary arterial wall and increases in tissue mass and total RNA. JNK, ERK, and p38 kinase tyrosine phosphorylations and their activities were significantly increased by hypoxia. JNK activation peaked at Day 1 and ERK/p38 kinase activation peaked after 7 d of hypoxia. The results from immunohistochemistry show that hypoxia increased phospho-MAPK staining in both large and small intrapulmonary arteries. Hypoxia also upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA (mRNA) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor mRNA levels in pulmonary artery with a time course correlated to the activation of ERK and p38 kinase. The gene expressions of c-jun, c-fos, and egr-1, known as downstream effectors of MAPK, were also investigated. Hypoxia upregulated egr-1 mRNA but downregulated c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. These data suggest that hypoxia-induced activation of JNK is an early response to hypoxic stress and that activation of ERK and p38 kinase appears to be associated with hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling.
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0033746874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
M3 - Article
C2 - 11062137
AN - SCOPUS:0033746874
VL - 23
SP - 593
EP - 601
JO - American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
JF - American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
SN - 1044-1549
IS - 5
ER -