The Effect of Altered Loading on Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

Raman Kaul; Mara H. O'Brien; Eliane Dutra; Alexandro Lima; Achint Utreja; Sumit Yadav

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160121

The Effect of Altered Loading on Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

Raman Kaul, Mara H. O'Brien, Eliane Dutra, Alexandro Lima, Achint Utreja, Sumit Yadav

Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to delineate the cellular, mechanical and morphometric effects of altered loading on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone. We hypothesized that altered loading will induce differentiation of cells by accelerating the lineage progression of the MCC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male Dkk3 XCol2A1XCol10A1 mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Loaded-Altered loading of MCC was induced by forced mouth opening using a custom-made spring; (2) Control-served as an unloaded group. Mice were euthanized and flow cytometery based cell analysis, micro-CT, gene expression analysis, histology and morphometric measurements were done to assess the response.

RESULTS: Our flow cytometery data showed that altered loading resulted in a significant increase in a number of Col2a1-positive (blue) and Col10a1-positive (red) expressing cells. The gene expression analysis showed significant increase in expression of BMP2, Col10a1 and Sox 9 in the altered loading group. There was a significant increase in the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, but a decrease in the trabecular spacing of the subchondral bone with the altered loading. Morphometric measurements revealed increased mandibular length, increased condylar length and increased cartilage width with altered loading. Our histology showed increased mineralization/calcification of the MCC with 5 days of loading. An unexpected observation was an increase in expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in the fibrocartilaginous region with loading.

CONCLUSION: Altered loading leads to mineralization of fibrocartilage and drives the lineage towards differentiation/maturation.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	e0160121
Journal	PLoS One
Volume	11
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160121
State	Published - Jan 1 2016

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine(all)
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)

Cite this

Kaul, R., O'Brien, M. H., Dutra, E., Lima, A., Utreja, A., & Yadav, S. (2016). The Effect of Altered Loading on Mandibular Condylar Cartilage. PLoS One, 11(7), e0160121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160121

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N2 - OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to delineate the cellular, mechanical and morphometric effects of altered loading on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone. We hypothesized that altered loading will induce differentiation of cells by accelerating the lineage progression of the MCC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male Dkk3 XCol2A1XCol10A1 mice were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Loaded-Altered loading of MCC was induced by forced mouth opening using a custom-made spring; (2) Control-served as an unloaded group. Mice were euthanized and flow cytometery based cell analysis, micro-CT, gene expression analysis, histology and morphometric measurements were done to assess the response.RESULTS: Our flow cytometery data showed that altered loading resulted in a significant increase in a number of Col2a1-positive (blue) and Col10a1-positive (red) expressing cells. The gene expression analysis showed significant increase in expression of BMP2, Col10a1 and Sox 9 in the altered loading group. There was a significant increase in the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness, but a decrease in the trabecular spacing of the subchondral bone with the altered loading. Morphometric measurements revealed increased mandibular length, increased condylar length and increased cartilage width with altered loading. Our histology showed increased mineralization/calcification of the MCC with 5 days of loading. An unexpected observation was an increase in expression of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in the fibrocartilaginous region with loading.CONCLUSION: Altered loading leads to mineralization of fibrocartilage and drives the lineage towards differentiation/maturation.

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